GINGA, also known as ASTRO-C, was a Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite developed and operated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), which later became part of JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency). The primary purpose of the GINGA mission was to study X-ray sources in the universe, including black holes, neutron stars, and supernova remnants. The mission aimed to enhance the understanding of high-energy astrophysical phenomena and contribute to the field of X-ray astronomy.