Kyocera Installs Fine Cordierite Ceramic Mirror for Optical Communications Experiment on ISS

Kyocera Installs Fine Cordierite Ceramic Mirror for Optical Communications Experiment on ISS

Kyocera Corporation (President: Hideo Tanimoto, hereinafter: Kyocera) announced that its “Fine Cordierite” ceramic mirror has been chosen for use in experimental equipment to conduct optical communication between the International Space Station (ISS) and a mobile optical station on Earth. This is the first time*1 that cordierite has been adopted for such a purpose.

Kyocera’s Fine Cordierite ceramic mirror has been adopted in the optical communication antenna (Quantum-Small Optical Link, Hereinafter: QSOL) developed by Sony Computer Science Laboratories (President and CEO: Hiroaki Kitano, Hereinafter: Sony CSL). Developed following a commission from Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, QSOL is an optical communication antenna component for the Secure Laser Communications Terminal for Low Earth Orbit, "SeCRETS", for on-orbit technology demonstration.

This demonstration was conducted jointly by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (President: Hideyuki Tokuda, hereinafter: NICT), the School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo (Dean: Yasuhiro Kato), the Next Generation Space System Technology Research Association (President: Koji Yamaguchi), SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation (Representative Director, President and Chief Executive Officer: Eiichi Yonekura), and Sony CSL.

Background of Material Selection

The current method for two-way data communication between Earth observation satellites in space and ground stations involves using optical wireless communication with either radio waves or visible light. This communication is essential for acquiring image data for weather forecasting, disaster response, and infrastructure monitoring.

Advancements in the sensors installed on Earth observation satellites have resulted in an increased volume of obtainable observation data. However, there is a pressing need to rapidly transmit large amounts of observation data to ground stations. Achieving high-speed and high-capacity data communication has posed a challenge for space infrastructure. To address this issue, the implementation of laser-light optical communication is expected to enable data transmission and reception at speeds over 100 times faster than radio wave communication with significantly higher capacity.

Additionally, to transmit data from satellites to specific ground stations by optical communication, it is necessary to adjust the light to the optimal angle using optical mirrors. Conventionally, metal or glass mirrors have been used, but nanoscale precision is required for adjusting light. Therefore, mirrors with long-term stable dimensional accuracy and the ability to withstand thermal expansion and temperature changes in the harsh space environment are needed.

Diagram of the Demonstration

In this experiment, Kyocera's Fine Cordierite ceramic mirror was installed in QSOL due to its unique thermal and mechanical properties, such as low thermal expansion and long-term dimensional stability. With the success of this experiment, we believe that our products can contribute to the construction of space infrastructure aimed at achieving high-speed and high-capacity data communication in satellite optical communication in the future.

Kyocera will continue to leverage its Fine Ceramic technology to develop reliable components that contribute to research and observation in the fields of astronomy and space.

Features of Kyocera’s Fine Cordierite Ceramic Mirror

Kyocera’s Fine Cordierite ceramic mirror possesses the following four properties, achieved through our Fine Ceramic material and firing technology developed over more than 65-years to enable stable optical communication even in space.

(1) Low Thermal Expansion: The expansion and dimensional changes due to temperature variations are extremely small, making it possible to apply them to optical mirrors that require nanoscale precision.

(2) High Mechanical Strength and High Rigidity: Compared to low thermal expansion glass, Kyocera’s Fine Cordierite ceramic mirror has 1.5 to 2 times higher mechanical strength, offering greater rigidity compared to glass and enabling weight reduction.

(3) Long-Term Dimensional Stability: Fine Cordierite exhibits excellent dimensional stability compared to low thermal expansion glass, allowing for use over extended periods without concern for dimensional changes.

(4) Radiation Resistance: Testing for radiation exposure confirmed that Fine Cordierite's coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) remains unchanged, making it ideal for space applications.

Kyocera will exhibit its Fine Cordierite ceramic mirror at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2024, to be held at Pacifico Yokohama (Yokohama City, Japan) from June 18-20. (Booth No. 314)

About the Experiment

SeCRETS was launched towards the ISS on August 2, 2023, and installed on the external experiment platform of the "Kibo" Japanese Experiment Module (Intermediate Space Environment Experiment Platform [i-SEEP]). Subsequently, secret key sharing was carried out using 10GHz clock optical communication from the ISS in low orbit to a portable optical ground station on the ground, and further successfully demonstrated secure communication between the ISS and the ground station using one-time pad encryption with the key*2. *2 successfully achieved secret key sharing and highly secure communication between the ISS and ground. “Raising expectations for the practical application of satellite quantum encryption”. SeCRETS was developed as part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication "Research and Development Project for Key ICT Technologies (JPMI00316)," specifically under "Research and Development of Quantum Cryptography Technology in Satellite Communications (JPJ007462)."

Click here to learn more about Kyocera's Fine Cordierite Ceramic Mirror.

Click here to learn more about SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2024.


Publisher: SatNow

GNSS Constellations - A list of all GNSS satellites by constellations

beidou

Satellite NameOrbit Date
BeiDou-3 G4Geostationary Orbit (GEO)17 May, 2023
BeiDou-3 G2Geostationary Orbit (GEO)09 Mar, 2020
Compass-IGSO7Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO)09 Feb, 2020
BeiDou-3 M19Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)16 Dec, 2019
BeiDou-3 M20Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)16 Dec, 2019
BeiDou-3 M21Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)23 Nov, 2019
BeiDou-3 M22Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)23 Nov, 2019
BeiDou-3 I3Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO)04 Nov, 2019
BeiDou-3 M23Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)22 Sep, 2019
BeiDou-3 M24Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)22 Sep, 2019

galileo

Satellite NameOrbit Date
GSAT0223MEO - Near-Circular05 Dec, 2021
GSAT0224MEO - Near-Circular05 Dec, 2021
GSAT0219MEO - Near-Circular25 Jul, 2018
GSAT0220MEO - Near-Circular25 Jul, 2018
GSAT0221MEO - Near-Circular25 Jul, 2018
GSAT0222MEO - Near-Circular25 Jul, 2018
GSAT0215MEO - Near-Circular12 Dec, 2017
GSAT0216MEO - Near-Circular12 Dec, 2017
GSAT0217MEO - Near-Circular12 Dec, 2017
GSAT0218MEO - Near-Circular12 Dec, 2017

glonass

Satellite NameOrbit Date
Kosmos 2569--07 Aug, 2023
Kosmos 2564--28 Nov, 2022
Kosmos 2559--10 Oct, 2022
Kosmos 2557--07 Jul, 2022
Kosmos 2547--25 Oct, 2020
Kosmos 2545--16 Mar, 2020
Kosmos 2544--11 Dec, 2019
Kosmos 2534--27 May, 2019
Kosmos 2529--03 Nov, 2018
Kosmos 2527--16 Jun, 2018

gps

Satellite NameOrbit Date
Navstar 82Medium Earth Orbit19 Jan, 2023
Navstar 81Medium Earth Orbit17 Jun, 2021
Navstar 78Medium Earth Orbit22 Aug, 2019
Navstar 77Medium Earth Orbit23 Dec, 2018
Navstar 76Medium Earth Orbit05 Feb, 2016
Navstar 75Medium Earth Orbit31 Oct, 2015
Navstar 74Medium Earth Orbit15 Jul, 2015
Navstar 73Medium Earth Orbit25 Mar, 2015
Navstar 72Medium Earth Orbit29 Oct, 2014
Navstar 71Medium Earth Orbit02 Aug, 2014

irnss

Satellite NameOrbit Date
NVS-01Geostationary Orbit (GEO)29 May, 2023
IRNSS-1IInclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO)12 Apr, 2018
IRNSS-1HSub Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (Sub-GTO)31 Aug, 2017
IRNSS-1GGeostationary Orbit (GEO)28 Apr, 2016
IRNSS-1FGeostationary Orbit (GEO)10 Mar, 2016
IRNSS-1EGeosynchronous Orbit (IGSO)20 Jan, 2016
IRNSS-1DInclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO)28 Mar, 2015
IRNSS-1CGeostationary Orbit (GEO)16 Oct, 2014
IRNSS-1BInclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO)04 Apr, 2014
IRNSS-1AInclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO)01 Jul, 2013